Marine Art: April 2018

01 Classic Work of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52d

Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen, (c. 1576 – 29 December 1633)

The Explosion of the Spanish Flagship during the Battle of Gibraltar, c. 1621

Oil on canvas

h 136.8cm × w 187cm.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

On 25 April 1607, thirty Dutch ships took the Spanish fleet by surprise in the Bay of Gibraltar. The Spanish vessels, which posed a threat to Dutch trade, were destroyed. It was the first major Dutch victory at sea. The painter represented this victory in triumphant style, with the Spanish flagship exploding and dozens of crewmembers flying up into the air.

The exploding of the Spanish admiral ship during the sea battle at Gibraltar, 25 April 1607, at the moment the Spanish warship was rammed by a Dutch ship. People are thrown into the air by the explosion. In the foreground seafarers try to save themselves in sloops, others swim in the water. Probably painted as a test piece for the Great Battle of Gibraltar, commissioned by the Amsterdam Admiralty in 1622. More about this painting

The Dutch admiral Van Heemskerk left some of his ships at the bay entrance to prevent the escape of any Spanish ships. Twenty from the Dutch fleet were ordered to focus on the Spanish galleons while the rest attacked the smaller vessels. Van Heemskerk was killed during the first approach on the Spanish flagship as a cannon ball severed his leg. The Dutch then doubled up on the galleons and a few of the galleons caught fire. One exploded due to a shot into the powder magazine. The Dutch captured the Spanish flagship but let it go adrift.

Following the destruction of the Spanish ships, the Dutch deployed boats and killed hundreds of swimming Spanish sailors. The Dutch lost 100 men including admiral Van Heemskerk. Sixty Dutch were wounded. Depending on the sources, most or all of the Spanish ships were lost and between 3500 and 4000 Spaniards killed or captured. Álvarez de Ávila was amongst the dead. More on the battle

Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen (c. 1576 – 29 December 1633) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was born and died in Haarlem. He was the son of a Haarlem captain

He specialized in paintings depicting ships and sea battles, and received orders from the municipal councils of Haarlem and Amsterdam. He painted the most popular picture of the Damiaatjes legend of Haarlem, showing how a Haarlem ship broke the protective chain at Domyat, Egypt during the Fifth Crusade, resulting in an important victory over Islam. This painting was such a success that it was reordered in tapestry form, and both pieces are in the collection of the Frans Hals Museum.

The city of Haarlem archives still hold the original records of the 1629 order to Van Wieringen to make the tapestry, the largest made in the 17th century (10.75 meters long and 2.40 meters high). This tapestry still hangs on the wall of the Haarlem City Hall council meeting room known as the vroedschapskamer, where it was installed. It is on public display once a year on Monument Day. More on Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen

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02 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52c

Hendrik Cornelisz. Vroom,

The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies, c, 1599

Oil on canvas

h 102.3cm × w 218.4cm

The Dutch first reached the Indonesian archipelago in 1596. But it was the second attempt, in 1598, that was a commercial triumph. As stated in the inscription on the frame, ‘trade was planted there’ at that time. The first step towards the success of the future VOC had been taken. It was a truly joyous occasion when the fully laden ships dropped anchor again in Amsterdam’s harbour in 1599.

The return in Amsterdam of the second expedition to the East Indies, the so-called Second Ship, headed by Jacobus van Neck, on July 19, 1599. The four large ships Mauritius, Hollant, Overijssel and Vrieslant on the IJ surrounded by many small boats and fully laden rowing boats. The profile of Amsterdam in the far right. More on this painting

Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom (c.1562 – February 4, 1640 (buried)) was a Dutch Golden Age painter credited with being the founder of Dutch marine art. Beginning with the "birds-eye" viewpoint of earlier Netherlandish marine art, his later works show a view from lower down, and more realistic depiction of the seas themselves.

Vroom was born in Haarlem. Much of what is known of his life comes from his biography by Karel van Mander. Vroom was born into a family of artists and began his career as a pottery painter and when his mother remarried, he boarded a ship for Spain and from thence via Livorno and Florence to Rome.

In Florence he was patronized by Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici, later Grand Duke of Tuscany. While there he became a pupil of Paulus Bril. He went back and forth to Venice, where he earned money as a majolica painter.

When he returned north, he travelled via Milan, Genoa, Albisola. From there he travelled to Paris, and from there he went to Rouen, where he became mortally ill but was saved by a woman who bandaged his head. There he boarded a ship homewards and was back in Haarlem in 1590.

During his next journey, this time to Portugal, he survived shipwreck, but was threatened with execution as "an English pirate" - from which he was saved by being recognized as a Catholic from his salvaged devotional paintings, which convinced the monks on the beach that he and his companions were not "heathen Protestants"

Haarlem Vroom died in Haarlem, in his late seventies. More on Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom

Andries van Eertvelt, (1590–1652)

The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies on 19 July 1599, c. 1610-20

Oil painting

559 x 914 mm; Frame: 568 mm x 926 mm

National Maritime Museum,

This early work by Andries van Eertvelt was based on the more famous painting by Eertvelt's master, Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom (1566-1640) (above) which is in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. The painting shows the return to Amsterdam of the ships ‘Overijssel’, ‘Vriesland’, ‘Mauritius’ and ‘Hollandia’ from the second Dutch trading expedition to the East Indies in 1599. The city of Amsterdam is visible on the right.

Andries van Eertvelt (1590, Antwerp – 1652, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver who was one of the first Flemish artists to specialize in marine art. Andries was born in Antwerp and baptized in the Antwerp cathedral on 25 March 1590. He was registered as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1609. After the death of his wife he travelled together with one of his pupils, Matthieu van Plattenberg, to Italy. Van Eertvelt is documented in Genoa from 1628–1630, where he lived with his compatriot Cornelis de Wael, who also practiced marine art, in particular the depiction of sea battles. Cornelis de Wael was a long-term resident of Genoa and arranged work for van Eervelt during his stay there.

Van Eertvelt had a very successful career as a marine artists and some of his works were exported to markets in Spain and Portugal. He also had an eager clientele in the Dutch Republic. Van Eertvelt also appears to have engaged in diplomatic activity. He took some letters relating to a possible peace treaty between Spain and the Dutch Republic from Balthazar Gerbier, an Anglo-Dutch diplomat residing in Antwerp, to Constantijn Huygens, the secretary to the Prince of Orange, in the Dutch Republic. More on Andries van Eertvelt

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52b

Henri Matisse, 1869 - 1954 , France

Étretat, c.1926

Oil on canvas

55 x 66 cm

Modern Museum, Stockholm

Étretat is a commune in the Seine-Maritime in Normandy, north-western France. It is best known for its chalk cliffs, including three natural arches and a pointed formation called L'Aiguille or the Needle, which rises 70 metres (230 ft) above the sea.[1] The Etretat Chalk Complex, as it is known, consists of a complex stratigraphy of Turonian and Coniacian chalks.[2] Some of the cliffs are as high as 90 metres (300 ft).

These cliffs and the associated resort beach attracted artists including Eugène Boudin, Gustave Courbet and Claude Monet. Two of the three famous arches are visible from the town, the Porte d'Aval, and the Porte d'Amont. The Manneporte is the third and the biggest one, and cannot be seen from the town. More on Étretat

Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter.

Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Along with Picasso, Matisse helped to define and influence radical contemporary art in the 20th century. Although he was initially labelled a Fauve, by the 1920s he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art. More on Henri Matisse

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52a

William Joy, (Great Yarmouth 1803-1867 Chichester)

A stiff onshore breeze with a dismasted merchantman foundering on the rocks, c. 1856.'

Watercolour with scratching out, on paper

11¼ x 15¼ in. (28.6 x 38.8 cm.)

Private collection

George William Joy (July 7, 1844 in Dublin, Ireland – October 28, 1925 in Purbrook, Hampshire) was an Irish painter in London. He was initially destined for the military and was also an accomplished violin player. After a foot injury at a young age, his father declared him unfit for military service. Joy was then educated at Harrow School and eventually pursued a career as an artist. He studied in London's South Kensington School of Art and later at the Royal Academy.

In 1868 Joy went to Paris where for two years he was a student of Charles-François Jalabert and Léon Bonnat. There he met masters like Gérôme, Cabanel, Jules Breton, Jules Lefebvre und Philippe Rousseau.

Going back to London, Joy established himself as a history and genre painter, and became a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, the Salon des artistes français and the Royal Hibernian Academy. He became a member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters in 1895.

To satisfy his early military ambitions, Joy entered the Artists Rifles where he was known as a good shot, representing Ireland several times. He spent many winters in Swanage from 1896 and eventually retired to Purbrook. Both of his sons were killed in 1915 during World War I. More George William Joy

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #98

William Lee-Hankey

Honfleur

oil on canvas

25 x 30 ½ in. (63.5 x 77.4 cm.)

Private Collection

Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie. Its inhabitants are called Honfleurais.

It is especially known for its old, beautiful picturesque port, characterized by its houses with slate-covered frontages, painted many times by artists, including in particular Gustave Courbet, Eugène Boudin, Claude Monet and Johan Jongkind, forming the école de Honfleur which contributed to the appearance of the Impressionist movement. The Sainte-Catherine church, which has a bell tower separate from the principal building, is the largest church made out of wood in France.

Located on the estuary of one of the principal rivers of France with a safe harbour and relatively rich hinterland, Honfleur profited from its strategic position from the start of the Hundred Years' War. The town's defences were strengthened by Charles V in order to protect the estuary of the Seine from attacks from the English. This was supported by the nearby port of Harfleur. However, Honfleur was taken and occupied by the English in 1357 and from 1419 to 1450. When under French control, raiding parties often set out from the port to ransack the English coasts, including partially destroying the town of Sandwich, in Kent, England, in the 1450s. More on Honfleur

William Lee Hankey (1869–1952) RWS,RI,ROI,RE,NS was a British painter and book illustrator. He specialised in landscapes, character studies and portraits of pastoral life, particularly in studies of mothers with young children.

He was born in Chester and worked as a designer after leaving school. He studied art in the evenings at the Chester School of Art, then at the Royal College of Art. Later in Paris he became influenced by the work of Jules Bastien-Lepage, who also favoured rustic scenes depicted in a realistic but sentimental style. He first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1896 and was President of the London Sketch Club from 1902 to 1904. He stayed in France in the early 1900s, painting many of his works in Brittany and Normandy. From 1904 until well after World War I he maintained a studio at the Etaples art colony.

It was Hankey's black and white and coloured etchings of the people of Étaples, which gained him a reputation as 'one of the most gifted of the figurative printmakers working in original drypoint during the first thirty years of the 20th century'. One that is particularly striking for its stylistic presentation was "The Refugees", his contribution to raising awareness of the consequences for ordinary people of the German invasion of France and Belgium in 1914. He went on to serve with the Artists' Rifles from 1915 to 1918.

In Britain he had been associated with the Newlyn School, a group of English artists based in the titular village in Cornwall who were themselves influenced by the romantic poets such as Wordsworth and Keats. More on William Lee Hankey

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings, Gordon Hope Grant - With Footnotes, #97

Gordon Hope Grant, (American, 1875-1962)

The Tea Clipper

oil on canvas

h. 24-1/2 w. 21-1/2 in.

Private collection

A Tea Clipper is a clipper built for tea trade, mainly from China

The boom years of the clipper ship era began in 1843 as a result of a growing demand for a more rapid delivery of tea from China. It continued under the stimulating influence of the discovery of gold in California and Australia in 1848 and 1851, and ended with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869.

A clipper was a very fast sailing ship of the middle third of the 19th century, generally either a schooner or a brigantine. The original Baltimore clippers were schooners. They had multiple types of sail plans but the most common was three masts and a square rig. They were generally narrow for their length, small by later 19th century standards, could carry limited bulk freight, and had a large total sail area. Clipper ships were mostly constructed in British and American shipyards, though France, Brazil, the Netherlands and other nations also produced some. Clippers sailed all over the world, primarily on the trade routes between the United Kingdom and its colonies in the east, in trans-Atlantic trade, and on the New York-to-San Francisco route round Cape Horn during the California Gold Rush. Dutch clippers were built beginning in the 1850s for the tea trade and passenger service to Java. More on Clipper Ships

Gordon Hope Grant was a noted American artist, well-known for his maritime watercolors, and his work with the American Boy Scouts. He was born in San Francisco in 1875, and died in 1962.

His best known work is likely his watercolor of the USS Constitution. He also produced war time posters ,illustrations for books, and magazine covers for periodicals.

He was illustrator for The Story of American Sailing Ships by Charles S. Strong, The Scarlet Plague by Jack London, Eternal Sea: An Anthology of Sea Poetry edited by William Martin Williamson and many other works.

He was a member of the Association of American Artists and many of his prints were sold through it. More on Gordon Hope Grant

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #94

PIERRE GAILLARDOT (French. 1910-2002)

St. Raphael

Watercolor on Paper

18 ½” by 23 ½”

Private collection

The Port of Saint -Raphael, also known as the "Vieux Port" and its small coastal town, are located directly to the West of the Esterel mountains and lie to the East of the Massif des Maures. The village of Saint -Raphael, like its neighbouring town of Frejus, has always been a small enclave between two mountain ranges of the Côte d' Azur. Nowadays, Saint Raphael is a good place to stay in, or a home-port of choice, to appreciate the nearby 30 km long coastline of the Esterel. This coast is very popular among tourists and boat owners for its beauty that contrasts sharply with the continuously urbanised coastline that stretches along the Gulf of La Napoule, the Bay of Cannes and Golfe Juan, to the East. The Esterel coast seems like a world of its own on the French Riviera, with places such as Agay, Anthéor, The Dramont, Trayas or Boulouris, which are in fact districts of St Raphael.

On a larger scale, the Old Port of Saint Raphael is a central point to explore or enjoy the South of France. It is equidistant from the port of Saint Tropez (10 nautical miles ) and the Old Port of Cannes (16 nautical miles ) . More on The Port of Saint -Raphael

Pierre Gaillardot, 1910-2002 was born on August 2, 1910 in St. Florent (Yonne). He was a painter and watercolorist. He exhibited at many of the annual Paris Salons, of which he was also a member, including the Salon d’Automne, Salon des Indépendants, and Salon of the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He was the chief curator of the Salon du Dessin et de la Peinture a l’Eau. He held solo exhibitions in Paris, Cannes, Nice, Antibes, Dijon, and other towns. He received a number of awards, prizes, and gold medals.

Gaillardot was self-taught and painted a variety of subjects including boats, cycling races and polo players in bright colors with curiously executed brushwork.

Gaillardot died in 2002. He is listed in the Benexit Dictionary of Artists. More on Pierre Gaillardot

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #91

18TH CENTURY PAINTER

Naval battle in front of San Fruttuoso

Oil on canvas

142X190

Private collection

The painting depicts a naval battle between Genoese and Ottoman ships. In the background is the bay and the abbey of San Fruttuoso di Camogli. In this case there are very few real views in the area of ancient Genoese painting and it is presumed that the work commemorates the naval battles conducted by Andrea Doria, whose family members, feudal lords of the place, were buried there.

The Abbey of San Fruttuoso is a Catholic abbey on the Italian Riviera between Camogli and Portofino. It is also the seat of the parish of the same name of the Vicariate of Recco-Uscio-Camogli, Archdiocese of Genoa.

The abbey is dedicated to St. Fructuosus, a Catalan bishop and saint whose ashes are kept at the abbey.

The abbey is located in a small bay beneath a steep wooded hill. It can only be reached by sea and by hiking trails, there is no road access. The abbey is owned by the heritage organisation Fondo Ambiente Italiano. More on The Abbey of San Fruttuoso

Saint Fructuosus of Tarragona (Catalan: Sant Fructuós (died 259) was a Christian saint, bishop and martyr. His is an important name in the early history of Christianity in Hispania. He was bishop of Tarragona and was arrested during the persecutions of Christians under the Roman Emperor Valerian (reigned 253 – 260). Along with him were two deacons, St. Augurius and St. Eulogius. In 259, he was questioned by the praeses Aemilianus and burned at the stake in the local amphitheatre in Tarraco. The Acta of the martyrdom of the bishop Fructuosus and his deacons Augurius and Eulogius document his legend; they are the earliest Hispanic Acta, "marked by a realistic simplicity which contrasts very favourably with many of the Acta of Diocletian's persecution. More on Saint Fructuosus

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #94

William Skilling, after Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida, British/American (18?? - 1964)

Afternoon on the Beach (Beach at Zarauz), circa 1955

Oil on Canvas, signed

48 x 60 in. (121.92 x 152.4 cm)

Private collection

Zarautz Beach is the largest in Gipuzkoa and its 2,500 metres make it a multidisciplinary space, with different aspects and people. Families, surfers and nature lovers come together at the same time on this stretch of sand, divided into three zones: the western end, frequented by families and bathers; a central part reserved for surfers and the dunes at the eastern end, which are the habitat for numerous species of flora and fauna.

The promenade is the perfect backdrop for this stretch of sand, and it contains sculptures by various artists and a children’s playground. The promenade runs along the whole of the town and extends to the neighbouring town of Getaria along a spectacular esplanade which never turns its back on the sea. More on Zarautz Beach

William Skilling, British/American (18?? - 1964) was a California artist known for portrait and landscape painting, he served in World War I and then settled in San Francisco where he died on April 8, 1964. He also did copies of work by artists including Edward Hicks, Parson Fisher and Giuseppe Arcimboldo. More on William Skilling

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #18 G

George Wesley Bellows, 1882 - 1925

APPROACH OF RAIN, c. 1913

Oil on panel

13 1/4 by 19 1/2 inches, (33.7 by 49.5 cm)

Private Collection

George Wesley Bellows, (born Aug. 12, 1882, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.—died Jan. 8, 1925, New York, N.Y.) American painter and lithographer noted for his paintings of action scenes and for his expressive portraits and seascapes. Bellows moved to New York City in 1904, where he studied at the New York School of Art under Robert Henri, leader of the group of American realist painters called The Eight. Bellows’s early works show the influence of Henri in their dark, tonal palette, vigorous brushwork, and urban subject matter. Bellows’s dramatic, evocative paintings of prizefights date from this period as well; they remain among his most famous works.

In 1909 Bellows was elected an associate member of the National Academy of Design; he gained full membership in 1913. From 1910 he taught at the Art Students League in New York. Between 1912 and 1917 he contributed illustrations to the socialist magazine The Masses.

Although he remained a realist painter, his later works reveal an intensified interest in theory. He began to use a greater range of colour and to experiment with various compositional systems. The subject matter of his work also changed: many of the best works from this later period are intimate portraits of friends and family members. He also turned increasingly to painting seascapes, Maine—and rural landscapes.

From 1916 Bellows experimented with lithography, producing nearly 200 prints. More on George Wesley Bellows

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #18 F

Renat Ramazanov

Near the sea

Oil, Canvas

90 × 100 cm

Private collection

Renat Ramazanov was born on September 15, 1978 in the town of Vyshniy Volochek in the Kalinin Region of Russia.

The naturally-gifted artist entered art school in Alushta, Ukraine in 1988, studying under Gleba Nikolai, and finishing in 1993 with honors. He went on to attend the Crimean Art College in Simferopol. He graduated in 1998, receiving the highest possible honors for his diploma work.

His works are in numerous private collections in the Ukraine, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, Cyprus and the United States. Gallery Russia has carried his works since 2004. His works are in the permanent collection of the Livadia Palace Museum in Yalta, Ukraine where Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin signed the Yalta Accord.

Today, Ramazanov lives and works in Southern Ukraine on the Black Sea Coast of Crimea. More on Renat Ramazanov

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #18 E

James Edward Buttersworth, 1817 - 1894

U.S.S. CONSTITUTION (OLD IRONSIDES) OFF SANDY HOOK, circa 1870
(3 MASTER FORTY GUNS)

Oil on board

8 by 10 inches. (20.3 by 25.4 cm)

Painted .

USS Constitution is a wooden-hulled, three-masted heavy frigate of the United States Navy, named by President George Washington after the Constitution of the United States of America. Launched in 1797, Constitution was one of six original frigates built in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts, at Edmund Hartt's shipyard. Her first duties with the newly formed U.S. Navy were to provide protection for American merchant shipping during the Quasi-War with France and to defeat the Barbary pirates in the First Barbary War.

Constitution is most famous for her actions during the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom, when she captured numerous merchant ships and defeated five British warships: HMS Guerriere, Java, Pictou, Cyane, and Levant. The battle with Guerriere earned her the nickname of "Old Ironsides" and public adoration that has repeatedly saved her from scrapping. She continued to serve as flagship in the Mediterranean and African squadrons, and circled the world in the 1840s. During the American Civil War, she served as a training ship for the United States Naval Academy. She carried US artwork and industrial displays to the Paris Exposition of 1878. More on USS Constitution

James Edward Buttersworth (1817–1894) was an English painter who specialized in maritime art, and is considered among the foremost American ship portraitists of the nineteenth century. His paintings are particularly known for their meticulous detail, dramatic settings, and grace in movement.

Buttersworth was born in London, England in 1817, to a family of maritime artists, and studied painting with his father, Thomas Buttersworth Jr., who was also noted for the genre. He moved to the United States around 1845, and settled in West Hoboken, New Jersey (now Union City, New Jersey), and also maintained a Brooklyn studio in 1854. He returned to England in 1851 for the Race for the Hundred Pound Cup that took place on 22 August 1851. His sketches and paintings of that yachting competition provide the definitive record of events in that benchmark season of sailing.

Buttersworth’s paintings of the 1893 Vigilant vs. Valkyrie II Cup match, done one year before his death, completed the chronicling of America's Cup races by oil painting just before the advent of successful photographic imagery. He was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 1999. About 600 of his pieces survive today, which are found in private collections and museums all over the United States. More on James Edward Buttersworth

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #18 D

EDWARD MORAN (Attributed), American (1829-1901)

Stormy Seas

Oil on canvas, unsigned.

15 x 18 inches

Private Collection

Edward Moran (August 19, 1829 in Bolton, Lancashire, England – June 8, 1901 in New York City) was an American artist of maritime paintings. Moran was born in England on August 19, 1829. Following in the footsteps of his father's profession, he learned to operate a hand-loom at a young age, though he would often be found sketching with charcoal on the white fabric instead of plying the shuttle. His family first emigrated to Maryland in 1844, and then to Philadelphia a year later.

It was in Philadelphia around 1845 that Edward apprenticed under James Hamilton and landscape painter Paul Weber; Hamilton guided Moran specifically in the style of marine paintings. In the 1850s Moran began to make a name for himself in the Philadelphia artistic scene; working in the same studio as his younger brother, famous American painter Thomas Moran, Edward received commissions and even completed some lithographic work. In 1862, he traveled to London and became a pupil in the Royal Academy.

In 1885, at the height of his career, Moran began on what would be considered his most important work - a series of 13 paintings representing the Marine History of the United States. He chose to have thirteen paintings in the series because of the significance of the number in American history (13 colonies, 13 stars and stripes on the original US flag, etc.). The subjects include Leif Ericsson, Christopher Columbus, Hernando de Soto, Henry Hudson, and Admiral Dewey, among others.[3] Not long after their completion, the series was displayed at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago. More on Edward Moran

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #18 C

Patrick von Kalckreuth, 1892 Starnberg - 1970 München

Evening on the coast

Oil on canvas

H 60.5 cm, W 90 cm

Private Collection

Patrick von Kalckreuth (1892–1970) was a leading German maritime painter. He was born Patrick Dunbar and was the son of a German naval officer. After his father’s death, his mother remarried to Richard von Kalckreuth in 1931. Richard von Kalckreuth adopted Patrick and despite being in his 30s, he changed his last name. Thus, early works of von Kalckreuth are signed under the name Patrick Dunbar whereas his paintings after 1931, are signed under the name Kalckreuth. After a brief career as a seaman, von Kalckreuth enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin and studied with the German painter Hugo Schnars-Alguist. Von Kalckreuth lived in both Düsseldorf and Berlin, but frequently spent summers along the North Sea in Cuxhaven. His works generally feature scenes from the North Sea, both scenes of waves crashing along beaches and ships at sea. Von Kalckreuth’s early works primarily of ships at sea are heavily influenced by Schnars-Alguist. Later in his career, he focused more on the sea itself, frequently painting beautiful seascapes highlighted by crashing waves and sunsets. Considered a master maritime painter, his paintings are displayed in several museums and galleries in Hamburg and in the North of Germany including the Historiches Museum located in Bremerhaven, Germany. Von Kalckreuth died in 1970. More on Patrick von Kalckreuth

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #18 B

JACK LORIMER GRAY

FISHING DRAGGER, c. 1961

Oil on canvas

24 ins x 36 ins; 59.9 cms x 89.9 cms

Private Collection

A fishing trawler/Dragger is a commercial fishing vessel designed to operate fishing trawls. Trawling is a method of fishing that involves actively dragging or pulling a trawl through the water behind one or more trawlers. Trawls are fishing nets that are pulled along the bottom of the sea or in midwater at a specified depth. A trawler may also operate two or more trawl nets simultaneously. More on fishing trawler/Dragger

Jack Lorimer Gray (April 28, 1927 — September, 1981) was a Canadian artist, known particularly for marine art.

Jack Lorimer Gray was born in Halifax and studied at the Nova Scotia School of Art and Design (NSCAD). Though a traditional painter of marine pictures in a decade known for advances in abstraction in Canada, Gray's paintings are avidly sought internationally. The appeal of his paintings has much to do with their authenticity and dynamism. Gray spent time at sea and was well-positioned to interpret in paint how vessels responded to the movement induced by wind and wave, unlike other marine painters who limited themselves to moored ships which they studied from dry land.

Gray lived in New York in the mid-50s and was represented by Kennedy Galleries which accounts for the significant patronage he enjoyed in the U.S. Gray moved to Maine in the late 1950s but was back in Halifax by 1961, More on Jack Lorimer Gray