Marine Art: September 2019

01 Classic Work of Art, Marine Painting - With Footnotes, #193

Joaquin Sorolla (Soroya)

Cousant la voile/ Sewing the Sail. 1896

Oil on canvas

222 × 300 cm

Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia

Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (27 February 1863 – 10 August 1923) was born in Valencia. He and his younger sister were orphaned 2 years later when both their parents died from a cholera outbreak.

From an early age it was clear that Sorolla had a passion for art. Instead of academic study, the young Sorolla would spend his school days making drawings in his copybooks and by the age of 15 he was winning major prizes for his paintings at the Academy of Valencia.

By his mid 20s Sorolla had firmly established himself on the national stage and by 30 he had displayed paintings in salons and international exhibitions in Madrid, Paris, Venice, Munich, Berlin, and Chicago. By the turn of the century Sorolla was recognised as one of the western world’s greatest living artists, receiving gold medals in several major international exhibitions.

Over the first decade of the 20th century Sorolla’s output was incredible, both in quality and quantity. As well as painting many striking portraits, his new found wealth enabled him to devote himself more fully to painting where and what he wanted. Throughout this decade Sorolla was completing hundreds of paintings each year, often canvases of 2 metres or more painted direct on the beach.

In 1909, the Hispanic Society of America hosted an exhibition of Sorolla’s works in New York City. Of the 356 paintings on show a total of 195 were sold.

In 1911 Sorolla started work on a major commission to produce a series of vast panels celebrating the life and customs of the different regions of Spain for the Hispanic Society’s new headquarters in New York. This enormous and exhausting endeavour was to dominate the next 8 years of Sorolla's life, although he still managed to find time to paint some of his most stunning beach scenes.

Sorolla suffered a paralyzing stroke in 1920 and died three years later. More on Joaquín Sorolla

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #185

Paul SIGNAC, 1863 - 1935

La Rochelle, c. 1920

Watercolor, heightened with gouache and pencil bold on paper

h: 29 w: 44 cm

Private collection

La Rochelle is a city in western France and a seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital of the Charente-Maritime department.

La Rochelle was founded during the 10th century and became an important harbour in the 12th century.] The establishment of La Rochelle as a harbour was a consequence of the victory of Duke Guillaume X of Aquitaine over Isambert de Châtelaillon in 1130. In 1137, Guillaume X to all intents and purposes made La Rochelle a free port and gave it the right to establish itself as a commune. Fifty years later Eleanor of Aquitaine upheld the communal charter promulgated by her father, and for the first time in France, a city mayor was appointed for La Rochelle, Guillaume de Montmirail. Guillaume was assisted in his responsibilities by 24 municipal magistrates, and 75 notables who had jurisdiction over the inhabitants. Under the communal charter, the city obtained many privileges, such as the right to mint its own coins, and to operate some businesses free of royal taxes, factors which would favour the development of the entrepreneurial middle-class (bourgeoisie). More on La Rochelle

Paul Signac, (born Nov. 11, 1863, Paris, France—died Aug. 15, 1935, Paris) French painter who, with Georges Seurat, developed the technique called pointillism.

When he was 18, Signac gave up the study of architecture for painting and, through Armand Guillaumin, became a convert to the colouristic principles of Impressionism. In 1884 Signac helped found the Salon des Indépendants. There he met Seurat, whom he initiated into the broken-colour technique of Impressionism. The two went on to develop the method they called pointillism, which became the basis of Neo-Impressionism. They continued to apply pigment in minute dabs of pure colour, as had the Impressionists, but they adopted an exact, almost scientific system of applying the dots, instead of the somewhat intuitive application of the earlier masters. In watercolours Signac used the principle in a much freer manner. After 1886 he took part regularly in the annual Salon des Indépendants, to which he sent landscapes, seascapes, and decorative panels. Being a sailor, Signac traveled widely along the European coast, painting the landscapes he encountered. In his later years he painted scenes of Paris, Viviers, and other French cities.

Signac produced much critical writing and was the author of From Eugène Delacroix to Neo-Impressionism (1899) and Jongkind (1927). The former book is an exposition of pointillism, while the latter is an insightful treatise on watercolour painting. More on Paul Signac

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #186

Moses Kisling (1891 - 1953)

Port of Saint Tropez, c. 1916

Oil on canvas

50.2 x 40.5 cm

Private collection

Saint-Tropez is a town on the French Riviera, 100 kilometres (62 miles) west of Nice in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

Saint-Tropez was a military stronghold and fishing village until the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first town on this coast to be liberated during World War II as part of Operation Dragoon. After the war, it became an internationally known seaside resort, renowned principally because of the influx of artists of the French New Wave in cinema and the Yé-yé movement in music. It later became a resort for the European and American jet set and tourists. More on Saint-Tropez

Moïse Kisling, (January 22, 1891 – April 29, 1953), was a Polish-born French painter. He moved to Paris in 1910 at the age of 19, and became a French citizen in 1915, after serving and being wounded with the French Foreign Legion in World War I. He emigrated to the United States in 1940, after the fall of France, and returned there in 1946.

Born in Kraków, Austria-Hungary, he studied at the School of Fine Arts in Kraków. His teachers encouraged the young man to go to Paris, France, considered the international center for artistic creativity in the early 20th century.

A large collection of Kisling's works is held by the Musée du Petit Palais in Geneva, Switzerland. More on Moïse Kisling

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #183

Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois, Dutch | 1621 - 1675

Stormy Seas

Oil on panel (parquetted)

57 x 82 cm

Private collection

Jacob Adriaensz Bellevois (1621, Rotterdam – 1676, Rotterdam), was a Dutch Golden Age marine painter. His teacher is not known, but the influence of Julius Porcellis (c. 1609–1645), who worked in Rotterdam, seems apparent in the monochrome tendencies evident in his style. Bellevois presumably lived and worked in Rotterdam at least until after the death of his first wife, Cornelia Vythoecs [Uithoeks], in 1652. Three years later he married Maria ’t Hert from Gouda. A document indicates that he was living in Gouda in 1671. Around 1673 or 1674 he is mentioned as being in Hamburg. He was buried in Rotterdam on September 19, 1676. More on Bellevois

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01 Marine Painting - With Footnotes, #182

Alicia Savage, United States

Waiting Sails

Digital and Manipulated on Paper.

Archival Cotton Rag Etching Paper & Custom Color Inkjet

20 H x 20 W x 1 in

Private collection

Alicia Savage is a Boston fine art photographer and illustrator. Her self-portrait series, "Destinations", is an organic exploration and evolving documentation of her present and past. Inspired by her curiosity and fueled by her imagination she investigates significant aspects of family history and the subsequent places she finds herself with in her multi-faceted life. Utilizing herself as subject she embraces literal road trips and their consequent metaphorical journeys they evoke. Her bold encounter with these layers of her identity reverberate with elements of the old and new. Vintage dresses, uncharted backroads, homesteads of ancestors each reveal a twist in the road and an undiscovered vantage point from which to play. Feeling her way through the process her destination is ever-unfolding. Post production practices are the second place to layer and expose new landscapes. An echo of the internal and external, the past and present, the known and unknown. Self-portraiture found Savage and provides a rich and complex context for this emerging artist. Her work includes fine art photography, instruction and creative production.

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02 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #172

Attributed to Kasper van Eyck, (Antwerp 1613–1673 Brussels)

A naval battle

Turkish galley with Turkish figures on them

oil on copper

56 x 73 cm

Private collection

Gaspar or Casper van Eyck (bapt. 6 February 1613 in Antwerp – bef. December 1674 in Brussels), was a Flemish painter of marine subjects and sea-fights.

Van Eyck was received into the Guild of St. Luke in 1632. He traveled to Genova, where he collaborated with Cornelis de Wael. From 1656 until his death he worked in Brussels. Three pictures by him are in the Madrid Gallery. He painted various types of ships, including Turkish galleys with Turkish figures on them, and was still painting in Antwerp in 1660. More on Kasper van Eyck

Gaspar van Eyck (1613–1673/1674)

Seascape, circa 1650

Oil on canvas

Height: 87 cm (34.2 in); Width: 108 cm (42.5 in)

Prado National Museum

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01 Work of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #146

Edward Aubrey Hunt, (American, 1855-1922)

Shipping in a heavy swell

oil on panel

28 x 33cm (11 x 13in).

Private collection

Edward Aubrey Hunt, 1855 - 1922, was born at Weymouth, Massachusetts, USA. Educated at Weymouth, Boston, Mass. and entered the architectural firm of Emerson & Fehmer but decided to take art as a career and admitted to L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris and studied in there for five years. He returned to London in 1878 where he became an established artist but returned frequently to his home town of Weymouth, Boston where he painted and sold the paintings in England. An American artist who travelled extensively and must have lived at Lowestoft, Suffolk about 1910. As a means of supplementing his income as an artist, throughout his career Hunt painted portraits.

During one his trips to Tangier, Morocco he met Maude Chadwick and they were married in 1892 and they moved to Tangier where they remained for a some ten years and two of his important paintings are ‘Off the Barbara Coast’ and ‘Fantasia, Tangiers, Morroco’. Following the birth of his daughter, Mavis, Hunt returned to England living at a manor house at Hemmingford Grey, Huntingdonshire 1901-1904 and where they had another son, Wyndham and where some of his most successful landscapes and scenes along the river Ouse were done during these years but the family moved to Rye, Sussex in 1905. At the time of the First World War, Hunt and the family moved to Hastings. He died on November 22, 1922. More on Edward Aubrey Hunt

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01 Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #170

Montague Dawson, British, 1890-1973

The Q. 9. Mary B. Mitchell

Oil on canvas

16 x 20 inches (40.6 x 50.8 cm)

Private collection

The Mary B Mitchell was a British and later an Irish schooner, affectionately known as Mary B.. She was a pleasure craft, a war hero, a working schooner, a film star and a transporter of essential cargoes in dangerous waters.

Built in 1892 she carried slate from Wales. In 1912 she was acquired by Lord Penrhyn and converted into a luxury yacht and spent two years cruising the Mediterranean. In April 1916, she was requisitioned as a Q-ship she featured strongly in reports at the time, however no U-boats were actually damaged. In 1919 she joined the Arklow fleet and for the next dozen years she traded on the Irish Sea. She featured in a number of films. Mary B. was then retired. At the outbreak of World War II, she was brought out of retirement. Mary B. brought vital food to Britain and vital coal to Ireland. She travelled to Lisbon to collect American cargoes. In December 1944, she was wrecked in a storm. More on Mary B Mitchell

Q-ships were special service ships, or mystery ships, were heavily armed merchant ships with concealed weaponry, designed to lure submarines into making surface attacks. This gave Q-ships the chance to open fire and sink them.

They were used by the British Royal Navy (RN) and the German Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War and by the RN, the Kriegsmarine and the United States Navy during the Second World War (1939–45). More on Q-ships

Montague Dawson RMSA, FRSA (1890–1973) was a British painter who was renowned as a maritime artist. His most famous paintings depict sailing ships, usually clippers or warships of the 18th and 19th centuries. Montague was the son of a keen yachtsman and the grandson of the marine painter Henry Dawson (1811–1878), born in Chiswick, London. Much of his childhood was spent on Southampton Water where he was able to indulge his interest in the study of ships. For a brief period around 1910 Dawson worked for a commercial art studio in Bedford Row, London, but with the outbreak of the First World War he joined the Royal Navy. Whilst serving with the Navy in Falmouth he met Charles Napier Hemy (1841–1917), who considerably influenced his work. In 1924 Dawson was the official artist for an Expedition to the South Seas by the steam yacht St.George. During the expedition he provided illustrated reports to the Graphic magazine.

After the War, Dawson established himself as a professional marine artist, concentrating on historical subjects and portraits of deep-water sailing ships. During the Second World War, he was employed as a war artist. Dawson exhibited regularly at the Royal Society of Marine Artists, of which he became a member, from 1946 to 1964, and occasionally at the Royal Academy between 1917 and 1936. By the 1930s he was considered one of the greatest living marine artists, whose patrons included two American Presidents, Dwight D Eisenhower and Lyndon B Johnson, as well as the British Royal Family. Also in the 1930s, he moved to Milford-Upon-Sea in Hampshire, living there for many years. Dawson is noted for the strict accuracy in the nautical detail of his paintings which often sell for six figures.

The work of Montague Dawson is represented in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich and the Royal Naval Museum, Portsmouth. More on Montague Dawson

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