10 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #38

Charles Dixon
Off Tilbury, c. 1912
Waterclor on paper on canvas
28.3x77.3 cm
Private collection

Tilbury is a town in the borough of Thurrock, Essex, England. It was established in the late 19th century, on land that was mainly part of Chadwell St Mary. It contains a 16th century fort and an ancient cross-river ferry. Tilbury has a major deep-water port which contributes to the local economy.

Tilbury's history is closely connected with its geographical location. Its counterpart on the south bank of the River Thames, Gravesend, has long been an important communications link, and it was there that a cross-river ferry was connected, mainly due to the narrowness of the river at this point. More on Tilbury

Charles Edward Dixon (8 December 1872 - 12 September 1934) was a British maritime painter of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, whose work was highly successful and regularly exhibited at the Royal Academy. Several of his paintings are held by the National Maritime Museum and he was a regular contributing artist to magazines and periodicals. He lived at Itchenor in Sussex and died in 1934. More on Charles Edward Dixon

ADOLFO GIRÁDEDEZ Y PEÑALVER, (SPAIN, 1840-1920) 
PORT IN CADIZ
Oil on canvas
60 x 100 cm 
Private collection

Cádiz is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of Cádiz, one of eight which make up the autonomous community of Andalusia.

Cádiz, the oldest continuously inhabited city in Spain and one of the oldest in western Europe, was founded by the Phoenicians. Cádiz is sometimes counted as the most ancient city still standing in Western Europe. and has been a principal home port of the Spanish Navy since the accession of the Spanish Bourbons in the 18th century.

Christopher Columbus sailed from Cádiz on his second and fourth voyages and the city later became the home port of the Spanish treasure fleet. Consequently, it became a major target of Spain's enemies. The 16th century saw a series of failed raids by Barbary corsairs; the greater part of the old town was consumed in a major fire in 1569; and in April, 1587, a raid by the Englishman Francis Drake occupied the harbor for three days

In 1596, it was captured by another English fleet, this time under the Earls of Essex and Nottingham. They burned much of it before leaving with their booty. A third English raid was mounted against the city in 1625 by George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, and Edward Cecil, but the attempt was unsuccessful. During the Anglo-Spanish War, Admiral Robert Blake blockaded Cádiz from 1655 to 1657. In the 1702 Battle of Cádiz, the English attacked again under George Rooke and James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, but they were repelled after a costly siege. More on Cádiz

CLAYS Paul Jean, (1819 - 1900)
"Entrance of the port of Flushing"
Oil on board of mahogany 
51x40.5cm.
Private collection

The maritime history of Vlissingen, Flushing, goes back many centuries. Even in the 13th century the port of Vlissingen had a bustling trade in skins, salt, herring, tar and wool. In the same century Vlissingen was also infamous for its privateering and piracy.

One of the oldest harbours is the 'Voorhaven'. This harbour, dug in the Middle Ages, is still intact and is currently used by the pilot boats. The Nije, Engelse or Vissershaven dates from 1455. Privateering, trade and crafts made Vlissingen a flourishing town in the sixteenth century, while the slave trade too played an important role. The ships of Vlissingen sailed around the world and contributed to the global power of the Seven United Provinces.
The Golden Age was followed by a deep point in Vlissingen's history. During the Napoleonic occupation Vlissingen became a poor and destitute town. At the end of the nineteenth century the situation improved when the Dutch Government decided to dig the canal through Walcheren, build two inner harbours and the outer harbour and construct the railway line between Vlissingen and Bergen op Zoom. More on Flushing

Paul Jean Clays (27 November 1819 – 10 February 1900), Belgian artist, was born at Bruges, and died at Brussels. In 1851 he made his debut at the Paris Salon and, while he tried to stay in the mainstream, his art was heralded by those who were looking for a change to more realism.

In 1852 he moved to Antwerp where he lived from 1852 to 1856; it was during this period that his fortunes began to improve.

In 1856 he and his family moved to Brussels where he became a prolific artist, specializing in scenes along the Scheldt. He exhibited a number of works at the Exposition Universelelle of 1867 and the critic Burger-Thoré described him as one of the greatest marine painters of the time.

In 1868 he became a member of the Société Libre des Beaux-Arts, a society founded to help promote the works of artists who were interested in their individual interpretations of nature. He was a frequent exhibitor at the many exhibition halls in Europe and exhibited many pieces at the Paris Salon. More on Paul Jean Clays

Kovalev, Peter, (Russia, 20th century)
Two-Master in Distress
Oil on canvas
135.0 x 94.5 cm.
Private collection

WILLIAM PIERCE STUBBS, (AMERICAN, 1842-1909) 
THE SCHOONER ALICIA B. CROSBY 
Oil on canvas
26 1/2 x 42 in
Private collection

William Pierce Stubbs (1842–1909) or W.P. Stubbs was a marine painter in the Boston, Massachusetts, area in the 19th century. Examples of his work are in the Bostonian Society; Cape Ann Museum; and Peabody Essex Museum. He also lived in Bucksport, Maine. More on William Pierce Stubbs

Medvey, Heinrich von, (years active 1935 - 1980, Berlin),
Pirates of the Mediterranean Sea, c. 1952
Oil on hardboard
18.0 x 24.0 cm
Private collection

LORENZO GHIGLIERI,  (Oregon, born 1931)
Native American war party in two canoes with sails employed, c. 1976
OIL ON CANVAS 
30" x 40"
Private collection

LORENZO GHIGLIERI,  (Oregon, born 1931), born in America of Italian, French and German immigrants, Lorenzo Ghiglieri grew up in a rich ethnic culture on the fringe of Los Angeles .  After receiving extensive formal training, Lorenzo took it upon himself to study the Old Masters, especially deriving influence from Rembrandt, Velazquez and Corot.  At the age of seventeen, he was honored with a prestigious art scholarship, but was interrupted serving duty on a U.S. destroyer during the Korean War.  He received his first commission as a combat illustrator from the United States Government.  At twenty-two, Lorenzo was working as an illustrator on various national accounts in New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles through an international advertising agency.

Lorenzo’s work graces the walls of the most prestigious establishments in the world. His sculptures and paintings have been presented to Pope John Paul II at The Vatican in Rome, President Ronald Reagan at the White House, Mikhail Gorbachev of the Kremlin and King Juan Carlos of the Royal Palace in Madrid. Tiger Woods, Luciano Pavarotti and General Schwartzkopf are a few others who take pride in their ownership of a Lorenzo Ghiglieri sculpture.

In 1994, Lorenzo sculpted the “Official American Bald Eagle” in bronze, silver, and gold, now on display at the White House and part of their permanent collection.  Later, he was commissioned to complete the “Timeline of Liberty,” a historical bronze piece documenting the forefathers of liberty from ancient Greece to modern times.  Lorenzo continues to create the aesthetics of great architecture in modern times. More on LORENZO GHIGLIERI

John Singer Sargent
Girl fishing at San Vigilio, c. 1913
Oil on canvas
49.5 x 71.1 cm. (19.5 x 28 in.)
 Private Collection

Sargent would become increasingly less interested in executing the society portraits for which he was famous and would take refuge in trips to the Alps, Venice and the Mediterranean with members of his family. San Vigilio is a small fishing village on a point at the southern end of Lake Garda in Italy and this painting was executed in 1913 on his last European sojourn before the outbreak of World War I. Sargent would travel with a variety of veils and shawls and the like to dress his "models" on such trips. "The woman in the present painting, possibly Jane de Glehn," More on this painting

John Singer Sargent (January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American artist, considered the "leading portrait painter of his generation" for his evocations of Edwardian era luxury. During his career, he created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings. His oeuvre documents worldwide travel, from Venice to the Tyrol, Corfu, the Middle East, Montana, Maine, and Florida.


His parents were American, but he was trained in Paris prior to moving to London. Sargent enjoyed international acclaim as a portrait painter, although not without controversy and some critical reservation; an early submission to the Paris Salon, his "Portrait of Madame X", was intended to consolidate his position as a society painter, but it resulted in scandal instead. From the beginning his work was characterized by remarkable technical facility, particularly in his ability to draw with a brush, which in later years inspired admiration as well as criticism for a supposed superficiality. His commissioned works were consistent with the grand manner of portraiture, while his informal studies and landscape paintings displayed a familiarity with Impressionism. In later life Sargent expressed ambivalence about the restrictions of formal portrait work, and devoted much of his energy to mural painting and working en plein air. He lived most of his life in Europe. More John Singer Sargent


SCHREIBER, PETER CONRAD, 1816 - 1894
Young fisherman on a beach before Capri. 
Oil on canvas. 
66 x 144 cm. 
 Private Collection

Peter Konrad Schreiber (born 11 August 1816 in Fürth , died 17 February 1894 in Nuremberg ) was interested in drawing early on. His father soon encouraged him by means of targeted instruction. He made great strides at the Nuremberg Academy of Fine Arts under Albert Christoph Reindel, who discovered the extraordinary talent of Schreiber, and gave the boy a further education in 1835, Academy in Berlin.

Schreiber belonged to the private circle of pupils of Professor Wilhelm Ferdinand Schirmer In Berlin, In 1839 he moved to Rome, where he created numerous landscape imprints and an extensive sketchbook. The impressions of Italy shaped his whole life. 

In 1842 Schreiber returned to Fürth. Starting from the school year 1844/45 , Schreiber becomes "Fachlehrer of the drawing art" at the Latin school at the Egidien-Gymnasium in Nuremberg. In 1847 he was married in second marriage to the Juliane Karoline Elise Krieg (1829-1894). On February 23, 1874 , he stopped drawing because of increasing eye weakness."  However, he continued to paint. His last known and dated work is from 1892. More on Peter Konrad Schreiber 

Maggi Hambling
Wave Breaking (detail), March, 2007
Oil on canvas
122 x 183 cm © The Artist

Maggi Hambling CBE (born 23 October 1945 in Sudbury, Suffolk) is a British contemporary painter and sculptor. Hambling first studied art under at the Amberfield School in Nacton. She then studied at the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing from 1960, then at Ipswich School of Art (1962–64), Camberwell (1964–67), and finally the Slade School of Art, graduating in 1969.

In 1995, she was awarded the Jerwood Painting Prize. In the same year she was awarded an OBE for her services to painting, followed by a CBE in 2010. Hambling's celebrated series of North Sea paintings have continued since late 2002.

Portraits form part of Hambling's oeuvre, with several works in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Women feature prominently in her portrait series. Her wider body of work is held in many public collections including the British Museum, Tate Collection, National Gallery, Scottish Gallery of Modern Art and the Victoria and Albert Museum. More on Maggi Hambling 


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01 Marine Work, GEORGE SAVARY WASSON's USS Brooklyn at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba, With Footnotes, #320

GEORGE SAVARY WASSON (American, 1855-1932) USS Brooklyn at the Battle of Santiago de Cuba, c. 1901 Oil on canvas 30 x 45 in. Private collect...