Marine Art

01 CLASSIC WORKS OF ART BY THE OLD MASTERS, MARINE PAINTINGS - WITH FOOTNOTES, #21g

Joaquín Sorolla, 1863 - 1923, SPANISH

CHILDREN ON THE SHORE, ,c. 1905

Oil on canvas

33.5 by 63cm., 13 by 24¾in.

Private Collection

This scene combines one of Sorolla's most jewel-like renditions of the sea and cliffs of Cabo de San Antonio, Jávea, with a portrayal of a personal family moment. Depicting, from left to right, his three children, Joaquín, Elena, and María clambering among the rocks, their graceful movements contrast with the aquamarine and turquoise of the inviting water and the rugged faces of the rocky stacks. The canvas is a celebration of all that Sorolla held most dear in his life: the beauty of the Mediterranean coastline and his close-knit family. The sense of complete immersion in the scene is accentuated by the high viewpoint looking down, cutting out the wider bay and the horizon to focus on the fleeting moment. More on this painting

Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (27 February 1863 – 10 August 1923) was a Spanish painter. Sorolla excelled in the painting of portraits, landscapes, and monumental works of social and historical themes. His most typical works are characterized by a dexterous representation of the people and landscape under the sunlight of his native land. More on Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida

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01 Classic Works of Art by the Old Masters, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #21f

Ernest Buttura

CÔTE NORMANDE, MER DÉCHAÎNÉE

Oil on canvas

200 x 100 cm

Private Collection

The Normandy coastline stretches for nearly 640km via a series of smaller "côtes" with incredibly evocative names: Côte d’Albâtre (Alabaster Coast), Côte Fleurie (Flower Coast), Côte de Nacre (Mother of Pearl Coast), and so on.

Its cliffs form an imposing wall of chalk which rise in places to over 100m in height. As you travel from one place to the next, you'll come across valleys and narrow creeks which are home to fishing ports and tourist resorts. More on The Normandy coastline

Ernest Buttura, born 28 November 1841 in Paris and died in that city in 1920, was a French painter. He entered the School of Fine Arts in 1861 and exhibited regularly at the Salon from 1863. He divided his time between Paris and Cannes.

Siagne, the plain of Laval and the mountains of the Var inspired his work. In Cannes he had a workshop and was an iconic painter of this city. Even thouigh the majority of his paintings were landscapes, he also made studies of rocks and undergrowth, animal paintings, still lifes, bouquets of flowers, and oriental compositions. More on Ernest Buttura

01 Classic Works of Art by the Old Masters, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #21e

Helene Schjerfbeck, 1862 - 1946, FINNISH

ON THE JETTY

Oil on canvas

38.5 by 35cm., 15¼ by 13¾in.

Private Collection

The present work was painted in 1879, the year Schjerfbeck completed her studies under Adolf von Becker in Helsinki, and exhibited for the first time with the Finnish Fine Arts Society. Although distinct from the radical new departures her art would later take, this early work reflects Schjerfbeck's interest in contrasts (here between the generations), and her love of Finland's coasts. More on this painting

Helene Schjerfbeck (July 10, 1862 – January 23, 1946, in Finland Swedish) was a Finnish painter. She is most widely known for her realist works and self-portraits, and less well known for her landscapes and still lifes. Throughout her long life, her work changed dramatically.

She showed talent at an early age, and by the time she was eleven she was enrolled at the Finnish Art Society Drawing School. She continued her education, with Westermarck, at a private academy run by Adolf von Becker, which utilised the University of Helsinki drawing studio. In 1879, at the age of 17, Schjerfbeck won third prize in a competition organised by the Finnish Art Society, and in 1880 her work was displayed in an annual Finnish Art Society exhibition. She set off to Paris later that year after receiving a travel grant from the Imperial Russian Senate. More on Helene Schjerfbeck

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01 Classic Works of Art by the Old Masters, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #21d

Egon Schiele - 1890 - 1918

Harbor of Trieste, c. 1907

Oil on cardboard

Height: 25 cm (9.84 in.) Width: 18 cm (7:09 in.)

Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum (United States)

The Port of Trieste is a port in the Adriatic Sea in Trieste, Italy. In the period between the beginning of 1700 and 1850, Trieste was mainly an emporium and was given the status of Free Port by Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor in 1719. In 1740, when Empress Maria Theresa of Austria took power, one of the first measures she adopted was to extend the borders of the Free Port area to the periphery of the town, thereby merging the emporium, the port, the new city and the old one. The Empress decided to extend the exemptions from customs duties to the whole city, which attracted many people from different countries and all walks of life (Italians, Serbians, Slovenians, Croats, Jews and Greeks): for them a law was passed, the "Editto di tolleranza", which provided for the freedom of worship, the possibility to negotiate freely and to own goods. More on The Port of Trieste

Egon Schiele (German: 12 June 1890 – 31 October 1918) was an Austrian painter. A protégé of Gustav Klimt, Schiele was a major figurative painter of the early 20th century. His work is noted for its intensity and its raw sexuality, and the many self-portraits the artist produced, including naked self-portraits. The twisted body shapes and the expressive line that characterize Schiele's paintings and drawings mark the artist as an early exponent of Expressionism. More on Egon Schiele

01 Classic Works of Art by the Old Masters, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #21b

Egon Schiele

Sailing Ship With Dinghy, c. 1908

Oil on cardboard

Private Collection

01 Classic Works of Art by the Old Masters, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #21a

Maurice VAUMOUSSE (1876-1961)

Le bassin à Honfleur

Oil on canvas

37 x 55 cm

Private Collection

Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie. Its inhabitants are called Honfleurais.

It is especially known for its old, beautiful picturesque port, characterized by its houses with slate-covered frontages, painted many times by artists, including in particular Gustave Courbet, Eugène Boudin, Claude Monet and Johan Jongkind, forming the école de Honfleur which contributed to the appearance of the Impressionist movement. The Sainte-Catherine church, which has a bell tower separate from the principal building, is the largest church made out of wood in France.

Located on the estuary of one of the principal rivers of France with a safe harbour and relatively rich hinterland, Honfleur profited from its strategic position from the start of the Hundred Years' War. The town's defences were strengthened by Charles V in order to protect the estuary of the Seine from attacks from the English. This was supported by the nearby port of Harfleur. However, Honfleur was taken and occupied by the English in 1357 and from 1419 to 1450. When under French control, raiding parties often set out from the port to ransack the English coasts, including partially destroying the town of Sandwich, in Kent, England, in the 1450s. More on Honfleur

Passionate about painting, Vaumousse was a violinist at the Théâtre des arts. He was also one of the regulars of the workshop of the rue des Charettes. Following the example of the master of the outdoors, he observes the seashore, the Seine and the surrounding meadows ... A calm and changing nature that he expresses with passion, to better capture "the moment". The bombings destroyed a large part of its production.

"The School of Rouen", it is customary to group under this name a number of painters of different backgrounds and even temperaments, but linked together by a friendship to the test of time and the same love of nature . The first three representatives of this group are Joseph Delattre, Charles Angrand and Albert Lebourg. As early as 1877, all these painters were designated by the name of Ecole de Rouen. In 1895, Joseph Delattre founded a "Free Academy" where Pinchon, Louvrier, Guilbert, Couchaux, Vaumousse, Dumont, Tirvert, Hodé, Suzanne, Hénocque, Madeleine joined. Regularly Pissaro came to bring them comfort. In 1907, Delaunay and Paul Mascart created the company of Rouen artists and organized exhibitions in Rouen. More on Maurice VAUMOUSSE

01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #99

Eugène Boudin, (1824–1898)

Navires dans le Port à Honfleur/ Ships in the Port at Honfleur, c. 1856

Oil on wood panel

Height: 20.3 cm (8 in). Width: 26.5 cm (10.4 in).

Princeton University Art Museum

Eugène Louis Boudin; 12 July 1824 – 8 August 1898) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors. Boudin was a marine painter, and expert in the rendering of all that goes upon the sea and along its shores.

Born at Honfleur, Boudin was the son of a harbor pilot, and at age 10 the young boy worked on a steamboat that ran between Le Havre and Honfleur. In 1835 the family moved to Le Havre, where Boudin's father opened a store for stationery and picture frames. Here the young Eugene worked, later opening his own small shop. In his shop, in which pictures were framed, Boudin came into contact with artists working in the area and exhibited in the shop their paintings. At the age of 22 he started painting full-time, and traveled to Paris the following year and then through Flanders. In 1850 he earned a scholarship that enabled him to move to Paris, although he often returned to paint in Normandy and, from 1855, made regular trips to Brittany.

In 1857/58 Boudin befriended the young Claude Monet, then only 18, and persuaded him to give up his teenage caricature drawings and to become a landscape painte. The two remained lifelong friends and Monet later paid tribute to Boudin’s early influence. Boudin joined Monet and his young friends in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1873, but never considered himself a radical or innovator.

Late in his life he returned to the south of France as a refuge from ill-health, and recognizing soon that the relief it could give him was almost spent, he returned to his home at Deauville, to die within sight of Channel waters and under the Channel skies he had painted so often. More on Eugène Louis Boudin

01 Classic Work of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52d

Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen, (c. 1576 – 29 December 1633)

The Explosion of the Spanish Flagship during the Battle of Gibraltar, c. 1621

Oil on canvas

h 136.8cm × w 187cm.

Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

On 25 April 1607, thirty Dutch ships took the Spanish fleet by surprise in the Bay of Gibraltar. The Spanish vessels, which posed a threat to Dutch trade, were destroyed. It was the first major Dutch victory at sea. The painter represented this victory in triumphant style, with the Spanish flagship exploding and dozens of crewmembers flying up into the air.

The exploding of the Spanish admiral ship during the sea battle at Gibraltar, 25 April 1607, at the moment the Spanish warship was rammed by a Dutch ship. People are thrown into the air by the explosion. In the foreground seafarers try to save themselves in sloops, others swim in the water. Probably painted as a test piece for the Great Battle of Gibraltar, commissioned by the Amsterdam Admiralty in 1622. More about this painting

The Dutch admiral Van Heemskerk left some of his ships at the bay entrance to prevent the escape of any Spanish ships. Twenty from the Dutch fleet were ordered to focus on the Spanish galleons while the rest attacked the smaller vessels. Van Heemskerk was killed during the first approach on the Spanish flagship as a cannon ball severed his leg. The Dutch then doubled up on the galleons and a few of the galleons caught fire. One exploded due to a shot into the powder magazine. The Dutch captured the Spanish flagship but let it go adrift.

Following the destruction of the Spanish ships, the Dutch deployed boats and killed hundreds of swimming Spanish sailors. The Dutch lost 100 men including admiral Van Heemskerk. Sixty Dutch were wounded. Depending on the sources, most or all of the Spanish ships were lost and between 3500 and 4000 Spaniards killed or captured. Álvarez de Ávila was amongst the dead. More on the battle

Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen (c. 1576 – 29 December 1633) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He was born and died in Haarlem. He was the son of a Haarlem captain

He specialized in paintings depicting ships and sea battles, and received orders from the municipal councils of Haarlem and Amsterdam. He painted the most popular picture of the Damiaatjes legend of Haarlem, showing how a Haarlem ship broke the protective chain at Domyat, Egypt during the Fifth Crusade, resulting in an important victory over Islam. This painting was such a success that it was reordered in tapestry form, and both pieces are in the collection of the Frans Hals Museum.

The city of Haarlem archives still hold the original records of the 1629 order to Van Wieringen to make the tapestry, the largest made in the 17th century (10.75 meters long and 2.40 meters high). This tapestry still hangs on the wall of the Haarlem City Hall council meeting room known as the vroedschapskamer, where it was installed. It is on public display once a year on Monument Day. More on Cornelis Claesz van Wieringen

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02 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52c

Hendrik Cornelisz. Vroom,

The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies, c, 1599

Oil on canvas

h 102.3cm × w 218.4cm

The Dutch first reached the Indonesian archipelago in 1596. But it was the second attempt, in 1598, that was a commercial triumph. As stated in the inscription on the frame, ‘trade was planted there’ at that time. The first step towards the success of the future VOC had been taken. It was a truly joyous occasion when the fully laden ships dropped anchor again in Amsterdam’s harbour in 1599.

The return in Amsterdam of the second expedition to the East Indies, the so-called Second Ship, headed by Jacobus van Neck, on July 19, 1599. The four large ships Mauritius, Hollant, Overijssel and Vrieslant on the IJ surrounded by many small boats and fully laden rowing boats. The profile of Amsterdam in the far right. More on this painting

Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom (c.1562 – February 4, 1640 (buried)) was a Dutch Golden Age painter credited with being the founder of Dutch marine art. Beginning with the "birds-eye" viewpoint of earlier Netherlandish marine art, his later works show a view from lower down, and more realistic depiction of the seas themselves.

Vroom was born in Haarlem. Much of what is known of his life comes from his biography by Karel van Mander. Vroom was born into a family of artists and began his career as a pottery painter and when his mother remarried, he boarded a ship for Spain and from thence via Livorno and Florence to Rome.

In Florence he was patronized by Cardinal Ferdinando de' Medici, later Grand Duke of Tuscany. While there he became a pupil of Paulus Bril. He went back and forth to Venice, where he earned money as a majolica painter.

When he returned north, he travelled via Milan, Genoa, Albisola. From there he travelled to Paris, and from there he went to Rouen, where he became mortally ill but was saved by a woman who bandaged his head. There he boarded a ship homewards and was back in Haarlem in 1590.

During his next journey, this time to Portugal, he survived shipwreck, but was threatened with execution as "an English pirate" - from which he was saved by being recognized as a Catholic from his salvaged devotional paintings, which convinced the monks on the beach that he and his companions were not "heathen Protestants"

Haarlem Vroom died in Haarlem, in his late seventies. More on Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom

Andries van Eertvelt, (1590–1652)

The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies on 19 July 1599, c. 1610-20

Oil painting

559 x 914 mm; Frame: 568 mm x 926 mm

National Maritime Museum,

This early work by Andries van Eertvelt was based on the more famous painting by Eertvelt's master, Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom (1566-1640) (above) which is in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. The painting shows the return to Amsterdam of the ships ‘Overijssel’, ‘Vriesland’, ‘Mauritius’ and ‘Hollandia’ from the second Dutch trading expedition to the East Indies in 1599. The city of Amsterdam is visible on the right.

Andries van Eertvelt (1590, Antwerp – 1652, Antwerp), was a Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver who was one of the first Flemish artists to specialize in marine art. Andries was born in Antwerp and baptized in the Antwerp cathedral on 25 March 1590. He was registered as a master in the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1609. After the death of his wife he travelled together with one of his pupils, Matthieu van Plattenberg, to Italy. Van Eertvelt is documented in Genoa from 1628–1630, where he lived with his compatriot Cornelis de Wael, who also practiced marine art, in particular the depiction of sea battles. Cornelis de Wael was a long-term resident of Genoa and arranged work for van Eervelt during his stay there.

Van Eertvelt had a very successful career as a marine artists and some of his works were exported to markets in Spain and Portugal. He also had an eager clientele in the Dutch Republic. Van Eertvelt also appears to have engaged in diplomatic activity. He took some letters relating to a possible peace treaty between Spain and the Dutch Republic from Balthazar Gerbier, an Anglo-Dutch diplomat residing in Antwerp, to Constantijn Huygens, the secretary to the Prince of Orange, in the Dutch Republic. More on Andries van Eertvelt

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52b

Henri Matisse, 1869 - 1954 , France

Étretat, c.1926

Oil on canvas

55 x 66 cm

Modern Museum, Stockholm

Étretat is a commune in the Seine-Maritime in Normandy, north-western France. It is best known for its chalk cliffs, including three natural arches and a pointed formation called L'Aiguille or the Needle, which rises 70 metres (230 ft) above the sea.[1] The Etretat Chalk Complex, as it is known, consists of a complex stratigraphy of Turonian and Coniacian chalks.[2] Some of the cliffs are as high as 90 metres (300 ft).

These cliffs and the associated resort beach attracted artists including Eugène Boudin, Gustave Courbet and Claude Monet. Two of the three famous arches are visible from the town, the Porte d'Aval, and the Porte d'Amont. The Manneporte is the third and the biggest one, and cannot be seen from the town. More on Étretat

Henri-Émile-Benoît Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954) was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter.

Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Along with Picasso, Matisse helped to define and influence radical contemporary art in the 20th century. Although he was initially labelled a Fauve, by the 1920s he was increasingly hailed as an upholder of the classical tradition in French painting. His mastery of the expressive language of colour and drawing, displayed in a body of work spanning over a half-century, won him recognition as a leading figure in modern art. More on Henri Matisse

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01 Classic Works of Art, Marine Paintings - With Footnotes, #52a

William Joy, (Great Yarmouth 1803-1867 Chichester)

A stiff onshore breeze with a dismasted merchantman foundering on the rocks, c. 1856.'

Watercolour with scratching out, on paper

11¼ x 15¼ in. (28.6 x 38.8 cm.)

Private collection

George William Joy (July 7, 1844 in Dublin, Ireland – October 28, 1925 in Purbrook, Hampshire) was an Irish painter in London. He was initially destined for the military and was also an accomplished violin player. After a foot injury at a young age, his father declared him unfit for military service. Joy was then educated at Harrow School and eventually pursued a career as an artist. He studied in London's South Kensington School of Art and later at the Royal Academy.

In 1868 Joy went to Paris where for two years he was a student of Charles-François Jalabert and Léon Bonnat. There he met masters like Gérôme, Cabanel, Jules Breton, Jules Lefebvre und Philippe Rousseau.

Going back to London, Joy established himself as a history and genre painter, and became a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, the Salon des artistes français and the Royal Hibernian Academy. He became a member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters in 1895.

To satisfy his early military ambitions, Joy entered the Artists Rifles where he was known as a good shot, representing Ireland several times. He spent many winters in Swanage from 1896 and eventually retired to Purbrook. Both of his sons were killed in 1915 during World War I. More George William Joy